Impunzi n’abasaba ubuhungiro mu Rwanda bemerewe kwiga mu byiciro byose by’amashuri byo mu Rwanda, ari byo: amashuri y’incuke, abanza, ayisumbuye, amashuri y’imyuga (TVET) ndetse na kaminuza.
Guverinoma igira uruhare mu kunganira ku kiguzi cy’uburezi no kugaburira abanyeshuri biga mu bigo bya Leta, ndetse n’ibifashwa na Leta, guhera ku mashuri y’incuke, abanza ndetse n’ayisumbuye. Abanyeshuri bimpunzi bifuza kwiga kaminuza bagomba gushaka amafaranga abafasha kuko impunzi n’abasaba ubuhunzi badahabwa inguzanyo yo kwiga muri kaminuza.
Ibindi bisobanuro birambuye biri hepfo:
Kwiga mu mashuri ya Leta n’afashwa na Leta ni ubuntu ku bana bose b’abanyarwanda impunzi, ndetse n’abagisaba ubuhunzi.
N’ubwo kwiga ari ubuntu, ababyeyi bagomba gutanga umusanzu wabo ku bijyanye no gufata amafunguro ku ishuri. Mu Rwanda hari amabwiriza agenga gufata ifunguro rya saa sita ku ishuri ku bana bose biga mu bigo bya Leta ndetse n’ibifashwa na Leta. Abana bose biga kuva mu kiciro cy’incuke, abanza ndetse n’ayisumbuye bafata ifinguro rya saa sita ku ishuri.
Imyenda y’ishuri, ibikoresho by’ishuri, n’amafaranga y’ibizamini bya Leta nabyo biteganijwe ko byishyurwa n’ababyeyi cyangwa abarera abana.
Ku mashuri abana b’impunzi bigaho aherereye mu nkambi cyangwa mu nkengero z’inkambi , HCR n’abafatanyabikorwa batera inkunga ikiguzi cyo kugaburira abana, ndetse bagatanga ibikoresho by’ishuri ku miryango y’impunzi itishoboye. Kubindi bisobanuro, wahamagara ishuri rikwegereye cyangwa ibiro bya HCR mu gace uherereyemo.
• Amashuri y’incuke: imyaka yo gutangira amashuri y’incuke ni uguhera ku imyaka 3, kandi umwana urangije icyo cyiciro ahabwa seretifika.
• Amashuri abanza: imyaka yemewe yo gutangira amashuri abanza ni uguhera ku imyaka 6. Amashuri abanza ni itegeko kandi ni ubuntu haba mumashuri ya Leta ndetse n’afashwa na Leta.
• Amashuri yisumbuye: imyaka yemewe yo kwinjira mu mashuri yisumbuye ni imyaka 12. Amashuri yisumbuye afite ibyiciro bibiri – icyiciro cya mbere cyitwa icyiciro rusanzwe kimara imyaka 3 kandi kigasozwa n’ibizamini bya Leta. Uwatsinze neza akomeza mu cyiciro cya 2 cy’amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa tekiniki. Icyiciro cya 2 cy’amashuri yisumbuye kirimo inzego eshatu umunyeshuri ashobora guhitamo ku buryo bukurikira:
1. amasomo anyuranye ya siyanse, ubumenyamuntu n’indimi.
2. amasomo anyuranye y’imyuga.9 (kwigisha, ubuforomo. . .)
3. tekiniki n’imyuga kuva kurwego rwa 3 kugeza kurwego rwa 5.
• Icyiciro cya 2 iyo kirangiye abanyeshuri bakora ibizamini bya Leta kandi kugirango bahabwe impamyabumenyi n’impamyabushobozi bisoza amashuri yisumbuye, isabwa mbere yo kwinjira muri kaminuza.
Amashuri makuru ni amwe mu bintu by’ingenzi byitabwaho kuko agira uruhare mu kubaka ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bw’abakiri bato n’abazabakomokaho, ndetse bikabafasha kugira ibyo bahindura kugira ngo bubake ejo hazaza heza. Uburyo HCR yifashisha mu byerekeranye n’uburezi bugamije gutuma abanyeshuri, buri wese ku giti cye, abasha kwifashisha uburezi yahawe kugira ngo yiteze imbere mu buryo burambye. HCR ikorana na za kaminuza zo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo kugira ngo impunzi zongererwe amahirwe yo kwiga kaminuza.
Mu Rwanda, impunzi n’abasaba ubunnz ntabwo bajya babona inguzanyo ihabwa abanyeshuri ngo bababashe kwiga kaminuza. Impunzi rero zigomba kubona amafaranga yo kwiga kaminuza binyuze mu baterankunga batandukanye babafasha kwishyura.
Abaterankunga bafasha impunzi mu rwanda kwiga muri kaminuza:
Buruse ya DAFI: Buruse ya DAFI ni imwe muri buruse imaze igihe yibanda ku mpunzi mu Rwanda, itanga amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri makuru ya kaminuza ku banyeshuri barangije amashuri yisumbuye. Buruse ikubiyemo amafaranga yose y’uburezi hamwe nayo kwifashisha mu buzima bwo kubaho mu gihe cyo kwiga. HCR hamwe n’umufatanyabikorwa w’uburezi bayobora iyi gahunda. Amahirwe ya buruse atangazwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bw’itumanaho mu gihe amahirwe abonetse. Abanyeshuri bujuje ibisabwa bashobora kuzuza urupapuro rusaba kumbuga nkoranyambaga mugihe bahamagariwe gusaba buruse ya DAFI.
Buruse ya Mastercard Foundation: ikorana na za kaminuza zirenga 40 n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta,kandi mu rwego rwo kudaheza izo kamuniza zisabwa gutanga amahirwe ku mpunzi.
HCR ikorana hafi na hafi na za kaminuza zifitanye ubufatanye na Mastercard Foundation mu rwego rwo kongerera amahirwe impunzi zujuje ibyangombwa mu Rwanda gusaba iyi buruse. HCR ifatanya n’imiryango iyobowe n’impunzi, imiryango y’impunzi n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta mu rwego rwo kurushaho kumenyekanisha amahirwe atandukanye ya buruse ku rubyiruko rwujuje ibisabwa dukorana mu Rwanda.
Amatangazo yose ajyanye n’amahirwe atanga za buruse ku mpunzi wayasanga hano.
Andi mahirwe yo kwiga kurwego rwa kaminuza: imiryango ikurikira na yo itanga buruse yo kwiga kaminuza ku mpunzi :
• Kepler
• Impact Hope
• Mondiant Initiative
• Maison Shalom
Impunzi zize amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye hanze y’u Rwanda zishobora gusaba icyemezo cyerekana ko ibyo bize/ impamyabushobozi zabo zemewe kdi zihwanye n’izo mu Rwanda. (equivalence) gitangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibizamini n’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri (NESA). Andi makuru murayasanga aha.
Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) ihuza politiki y’uburezi, ingamba na gahunda ku rwego rw’igihugu kandi igashyigikirwa n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho birimo ibi bikurikira: Ikigo cy’uburezi bw’ibanze cy’u Rwanda (REB), Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibizamini n’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri (NESA), Ikigo cy’ubumenyi-ngiro n’imyuga mu Rwanda (RTB), Kaminuza nkuru y’ Rwanda (UR), Ikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru na za Kaminuza (HEC), ndetse no kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage / Inzego z’ibanze (Akarere, Imirenge, Akagari) uburezi bwo ku rwego.
Aya ni amahirwe y’inyongera yo kwiga kaminuza hanze y’u Rwanda. Aho impunzi zijya mu gihugu cya gatatu, kandi zikabona amahirwe yo kwiga.
HCR ihora isangiza amakuru arambuye y’ayo mahirwe aboneka kugirango impunzi zibashe kohereza ubusabe bwazo. Gahunda yo gusaba no gutsinda kwemerwa kwiga muri za kaminuza zo hanze y’u Rwanda ni imbaraga z’abakandida ku giti cyabo. Mugihe uwasabye yemerewe iyo buruse yo hanze y’uRwanda HCR imufasha mu gusaba ibyangombwa bimwerera gusohoka igihugu n’ikindi yakenere ngo abone ubwo burenganzira.
Uyu murongo utanga amakuru arambuye ajyanye n’aya mahirwe.
Impunzi zize amashuri abanzan n’ayisumbuye hanze y’u Rwanda zishobora gusaba icyemezo cyerekana ko ibyo bize/ impamyabushobozi zabo zemewe kdi zihwanye n’izo mu Rwanda. (equivalence) gitangwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibizamini n’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri (NESA). Andi makuru murayasanga ku rubuga Irembo.
Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) ihuza politiki y’uburezi, ingamba na gahunda ku rwego rw’igihugu kandi igashyigikirwa n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho birimo ibi bikurikira: Ikigo cy’uburezi bw’ibanze cy’u Rwanda (REB), Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibizamini n’ubugenzuzi bw’amashuri (NESA), Ikigo cy’ubumenyi-ngiro n’imyuga mu Rwanda (RTB), Kaminuza nkuru y’ Rwanda (UR), Komya Rwanda, Ikigo gishinzwe amashuri makuru na za Kaminuza (HEC), ndetse no kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage / Inzego z’ibanze (Akarere, Imirenge, Akagari) uburezi bwo ku rwego.