Working in Türkiye
As an international protection applicant in Türkiye, you have the right to work in Türkiye. There are various types of work permits that you can apply for, but the most common ones are for wage employment and self-employment.
In order to access the labour market and find job opportunities, we recommend that you get registered with İŞKUR, the Turkish Employment Agency, and/or UNHCR partners that provide counselling on available opportunities.
There are many advantages in working legally, and informal work as well as informal businesses are against the law in Türkiye, which may have serious consequences, including deportation, if one does not comply with the laws. You can enjoy your rights and have access to social security and insurance if you have a work permit and/or official business in Türkiye. Insured employees and their family members can also benefit from health services. You will be entitled to the same rights as Turkish nationals, and you are entitled to the minimum wage.
Work permits for wage employment
International protection applicants can apply for work permits six months after their application to international protection procedures and receiving ID card (with a number starting with 99). The application must be made in your province of residence and you must not have previously obtained a work permit.
Work permits for wage employment are lodged by employers. Once you have reached an agreement on work with your potential employer, he/she should make a work permit application for you through e-Government website of the Government of Türkiye.
Once the work permit has been granted, your employer will receive an email indicating that the work permit application has been successful. The outcome of the application can also be viewed from the e-Government website. A work permit document in the form of a card, which is issued by the MoLabor and Social Security (MoLSS) for you (the employee), will be sent by courier to the address where you will work.
Please note that you can only work in the city in which you are registered. If you find employment in another province, you need to apply at the Provincial Directorate of Migration Management with your employer to change your place of registration – you will need to bring the job contract that you have with your employer. Once this change has happened, your employer can apply for a work permit.
The documents needed to apply for a work permit are:
- A valid international protection applicant ID card (including foreigner ID number starting with 99) of the beneficiary or the international protection status holder ID card for those granted a conditional refugee status
- A photograph of the employee;
- The contract signed between the employer and the employee.
- The e-Government password of the employer; and
- Related documents (activity document, other documents, latest capital and partnership information of the organization, latest tax return, power of attorney, etc.) of the workplace where necessary.
Pre-prepared forms are available on the Directorate General of International Labor Force website. Both Arabic and Turkish templates are available; however, the parties are free to use any contracts in line with Turkish labour law.
For international protection applicants and conditional refugees, work permits are valid for one year. Work permit extension application is made through the e-Government as of sixty days before the expiry of the work permit and in any case before the work permit expires. Foreigners for whom a work permit extension application has been made may continue to work from the date of expiry of the work permit during the evaluation of the application and in any case for a period not exceeding ninety days and provided that the work is performed, and the workplace does not change. The work during this period shall be considered as legal work and the rights and obligations of the foreigner and the employer arising from the work permit shall continue in the same manner.
If the work permit extension application is evaluated positively, the foreigner is issued a work permit for a maximum of two years in the first extension application and up to three years in subsequent extension applications, depending on the same employer.
Work permits for self-employment
If you are self-employed or would like to be self-employed, you need to have a legal enterprise in Türkiye that is established and registered according to the Turkish Commercial Code. There are many types of enterprises in Turkey.
You can set up your own business, such as a shop, in Türkiye just like any other foreigner. In that case your work place also has to be registered in accordance with the Turkish regulations. Support from UNHCR is available to help you register your business.
Once you have registered your business officially in Türkiye, you can apply for a work permit yourself. Counselling is available from UNHCR partners on the work permit application process, setting up your own business as well as entrepreneurship programmes. Please contact UNHCR’s partner organizations below for further details.
Special procedures for specific areas of work
If you would like to work as a seasonal agricultural worker or in jobs related to animal rearing, there is an exemption possibility. You need to apply at the Provincial Directorate of İŞKUR in your place of registration and state that you will be working seasonally in an agricultural or animal-rearing job. You will be granted the exemption document and therefore will be working formally in Türkiye. You can access health services with the exemption document. You can also pay for your own Social Security Premium on a voluntary basis towards retirement.
If you are a doctor or teacher and would like to work in TurkeyTürkiye, you need to receive a preliminary work permit from the provincial directorates of the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of National Education/Higher Education Council, respectively.
Vocational training
There are skills training programmes offered by the MoLSS. Visit İŞKUR website to check for available opportunities.
International protection applicants and status holders can attend Turkish language courses and skills, hobby and vocational courses offered by Public Education Centres (PECs, Halk Egitim Merkezi) free of charge. A IPID is required in order to be registered for courses offered by Halk Egitim Merkezi. Each Halk Egitim Merkezi may determine which courses it offers and may open new courses based on local demand.
UNHCR and partner organizations also provide vocational training opportunities. Please contact them for further details.
Further support
For further support on livelihoods and work-related matters, please get in touch with UNHCR’s partner organizations using the details below.
Contact details of partner organizations providing support in livelihoods area
Nationwide
Public Education Centers
Nationwide
You may approach to Public Education Center in your city to receive detailed information.
Ankara Metropolitan Municipality
İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Adana, Batman, Diyarbakir, Hatay, Istanbul, Mardin, Mersin, Sanliurfa
Adana, Ankara, Bursa, Denizli, Gaziantep, Hatay, İstanbul, İzmir, Kayseri, Kilis, Konya, Mersin, Sakarya, Şanlıurfa
Adana, Ankara, Bursa, Gaziantep, Hatay, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Kayseri, Kilis, Kocaeli, Konya, Mardin, Mersin, Sanliurfa, Zonguldak
Adana, Adıyaman, Ankara, Antalya, Aydın, Balıkesir, Bursa, Çanakkale, Denizli, Edirne, Gaziantep, Hatay, İstanbul, İzmir, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Konya, Malatya, Manisa, Mersin, Muğla, Nevşehir, Sakarya, Şanlıurfa, Trabzon, Van