Panama is a Latin American country located at the southern end of Central America, connecting North America with South America. It borders Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, and is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
Size: Panama has a total area of 75,417 km² (29,119 mi²).
Population: It has an estimated population of 4,379,000 inhabitants (2025 estimate).
Currency: The official currency is the balboa (PAB), pegged to the U.S. dollar (USD), which circulates as legal tender in banknotes.
Official languages: Spanish is the official language. In addition, several indigenous languages are spoken in different regions, such as Ngäbere, Buglere, Emberá, Wounaan, Guna, Teribe, and Bribri.
Capital: Panama City.
Other main cities: Colón, San Miguelito, David, and La Chorrera.
Climate: Panama has a tropical climate with high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. Daytime temperatures usually range between 24 °C and 30 °C, with little seasonal variation. The country has a dry season (January–March/April) and a rainy season (April–December), with regional rainfall ranging from 1,300 mm to more than 3,000 mm annually. In the highlands, the climate is cooler, and occasional frosts may occur in the Talamanca Mountain Range.