Cuba is a Caribbean island country. Its capital is Havana. Other major cities include Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín, and Santa Clara. Cuba has a tropical climate, with a dry season from November to April and a rainy season from May to October, characterized by high temperatures and humidity. The country has a rich cultural heritage but currently faces significant economic and social challenges.
Size: Cuba’s total area is approximately 109,880 km². This figure includes both the mainland territory and the adjacent islands that form part of the Cuban archipelago.
Population: In 2025, Cuba’s estimated population is approximately 9,748,007 people. This reflects a decrease compared to previous years, showing a trend of population decline due to low birth rates, an aging population, and a high rate of emigration.
Currency: In 2025, Cuba’s official currency is the Cuban peso (CUP). However, the country has implemented a floating exchange rate system, meaning the value of the CUP varies daily according to market supply and demand. While the official exchange rate remains at 1 USD = 24 CUP for certain state transactions, in the informal market it can exceed 120 CUP per dollar, reflecting strong devaluation and a partially dollarized economy.
Official language: Spanish is the official language of Cuba. It is the mother tongue and the daily language of the vast majority of the population. There are regional and minority languages such as Haitian Creole, Lucumí (used in religious contexts), and other languages spoken by immigrant communities.